Best Fodder Crops & grass for dairy cows in india
Fodder is a critical component of dairy farming, and choosing the right crops can make a significant difference in the health and productivity of dairy cows. In India, where dairy farming is a significant industry, selecting the best fodder crops for dairy cows is crucial. However, with so many options available, it can be challenging to decide which crops are most suitable. In this article, we will explore the best fodder crops and grasses for dairy cows in India, along with their cultivation practices and benefits.
Common Fodder Crops in India
Maize
Maize is a popular fodder crop in India and is grown extensively in many parts of the country. It is a high-yielding crop that is rich in energy and protein, making it an ideal choice for dairy cows. Maize can be grown during both the Kharif and Rabi seasons, making it a versatile crop. The cultivation of maize requires good soil fertility, and it is essential to choose the right variety based on the region’s climate and soil type.
Sorghum
Sorghum is another popular fodder crop in India, known for its high nutritional value and drought tolerance. It is suitable for cultivation in both rain-fed and irrigated areas and is a good option for farmers in regions with low rainfall. Sorghum can be grown throughout the year, and its cultivation requires well-drained soils.
Bajra (Pearl Millet)
Bajra is a hardy crop that can thrive in harsh growing conditions. It is highly nutritious and is an excellent source of energy for dairy cows. Bajra can be grown in areas with low rainfall, making it a popular choice for farmers in regions that experience droughts. Its cultivation requires well-drained soils and good soil fertility.
Oats
Oats are a highly nutritious fodder crop and are an excellent source of energy and protein for dairy cows. They are suitable for cultivation in areas with moderate rainfall and cool temperatures. The cultivation of oats requires good soil fertility and well-drained soils.
Berseem (Clover)
Berseem, also known as clover, is a highly nutritious fodder crop that is popular among dairy farmers in India. It is an excellent source of protein and is highly palatable to cows. Berseem can be grown during both the Rabi and Kharif seasons, making it a versatile crop. Its cultivation requires good soil fertility and well-drained soils.
Grasses for Dairy Cows in India
Napier Grass
Napier grass is a popular fodder grass in India that is highly nutritious and palatable to dairy cows. It is a high-yielding grass that is suitable for cultivation in both irrigated and rain-fed areas. Napier grass requires good soil fertility and well-drained soils.
Guinea Grass
Guinea grass is another popular fodder grass in India, known for its high productivity and drought tolerance. It is suitable for cultivation in both rain-fed and irrigated areas and is a good option for farmers in regions with low rainfall. Guinea grass requires well-drained soils and good soil fertility.
Hybrid Napier Grass
Hybrid Napier grass is a hybrid variety of Napier grass that is highly productive and palatable to dairy cows. It is a popular fodder grass in India and is suitable for cultivation in both rain-fed and irrigated areas. Hybrid Napier grass requires good soil fertility and well-drained soils.
Other Fodder Crops for Dairy Cows in India
Lucerne (Alfalfa)
Lucerne, also known as Alfalfa, is a highly nutritious fodder crop that is rich in protein and minerals. It is a perennial crop that can last for several years and is suitable for cultivation in areas with moderate to high rainfall. Lucerne requires well-drained soils and good soil fertility.
Cowpea
Cowpea is a popular fodder crop in India, known for its high nutritional value and drought tolerance. It is suitable for cultivation in both rain-fed and irrigated areas and is a good option for farmers in regions with low rainfall. Cowpea requires well-drained soils and good soil fertility.
Sesbania
Sesbania is a highly nutritious fodder crop that is rich in protein and minerals. It is a fast-growing crop that can be used as a green manure and is suitable for cultivation in areas with moderate to high rainfall. Sesbania requires well-drained soils and good soil fertility.
Fodder Management Practices
Quantity and Quality of Fodder
It is important to ensure that dairy cows receive adequate quantities of high-quality fodder to maintain their health and productivity. Farmers should aim to provide cows with a balanced diet that meets their nutritional requirements.
Feeding Strategies
Farmers should adopt feeding strategies that are appropriate for their farming systems and the nutritional needs of their cows. These strategies may include feeding cows a combination of different fodder crops, balancing the nutrient content of the diet, and supplementing with concentrates if necessary.
Fodder Conservation Techniques
Farmers can use various techniques to conserve fodder for the dry season or periods of low availability. These techniques include haymaking, silage making, and straw treatment. It is important to ensure that the fodder is conserved correctly to maintain its nutritional value.
Conclusion
In conclusion, choosing the right fodder crops and grasses is crucial for the health and productivity of dairy cows in India. Farmers should consider factors such as soil type, rainfall, and nutritional requirements when selecting fodder crops. By adopting appropriate management practices, such as balancing the diet and conserving fodder, farmers can ensure that their cows receive adequate quantities of high-quality fodder throughout the year.
